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职称英语考试语法:情态动词及例题解析

2012-10-28  来自于:课评集

  职称英语考试语法:情态动词及例题解析

  例如:

  The patient is able to walk now.

  (说明病人原来是丧失了走的能力的,现在自己能走了)

  The patient can walk now.

  (可能的情况是,病人是能走的,但医生不让他走,如急性心梗后医生不让病人走动。)

  Shall I / we(第一人称)…?

  表示征求对方意见;(第二、三人称) shall…表示"允诺"或"警告。

  例如:

  Shall I fetch a doctor for you?

  (要我为你请个医生来吗?)

  You shall be sorry for what you have done.

  (你会为你所做的事后悔的。)

  Will you…。? 表示请求。

  例如:

  Dont be late for the meeting next time, will you?

  (下次开会别迟到了,好吗?)

  比较:I would remind you that smoking is forbidden here.

  (表示"婉转的建议或请求":我想提醒你,这里不能抽烟。)

  neednt 的肯定式为must.

  例如:

  You neednt see him, but I must.

  (你不必去看他,但我得去。)

  cannot but 原形动词

  (意思相当于have to), 例如:

  I cannot but tell you the truth.

  (我不得不给你说实话。)

  情态动词的完成式:

  情态动词的一般式用于表达"现在"或"将来"的情况,而情态动词的完成式则用来表达"已经发生的事情"。

  例如:"你不应该来得那么晚。"这是对已经发生的事情(你来晚了)表示自己的看法:

  You shouldnt have come so late.

  将常用、常考的几个情态动词完成式列表说明如下:

  must (not) have done 表示对已发生的事情的"判断",中文常表达为:"准是…"

  It must have rained last night; the ground is wet.(昨晚准是下雨了,地上湿漉漉的。)

  should (not) have done / ought (not) to have done 表示"事与愿违",中文常表达为:"(不)该…","本(不)该…"

  The baby was cut badly; she shouldnt (oughtnt to)have let him play with the scissors.

  (孩子伤得很厉害;她不该让他玩剪刀。)

  may / can (not) have done 表示"本(不)可能" She may have known the news; she is crying.

  (她可能已经知道那个消息了;她在哭。)

  need (not) have done 表示"本(不)需要" You neednt have bought that dictionary; I have got a spare one.

  (你实际上没有必要买那本字典;我有一本多余的。)

  由于在没有情景的情况下很难区分情态动词一般式和完成式,例如"你不该去",究竟是You shouldnt go there. 还是 You shouldnt have gone there, 因此考试的时候往往会给出情景,这对判题非常重要,如上面表格例子中的"the ground is wet","the baby was cut badly","she is crying", 都是题目所给的情景。

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