职称英语考试语法:情态动词及例题解析
例如:
The patient is able to walk now.
(说明病人原来是丧失了走的能力的,现在自己能走了)
The patient can walk now.
(可能的情况是,病人是能走的,但医生不让他走,如急性心梗后医生不让病人走动。)
Shall I / we(第一人称)…?
表示征求对方意见;(第二、三人称) shall…表示"允诺"或"警告。
例如:
Shall I fetch a doctor for you?
(要我为你请个医生来吗?)
You shall be sorry for what you have done.
(你会为你所做的事后悔的。)
Will you…。? 表示请求。
例如:
Dont be late for the meeting next time, will you?
(下次开会别迟到了,好吗?)
比较:I would remind you that smoking is forbidden here.
(表示"婉转的建议或请求":我想提醒你,这里不能抽烟。)
neednt 的肯定式为must.
例如:
You neednt see him, but I must.
(你不必去看他,但我得去。)
cannot but 原形动词
(意思相当于have to), 例如:
I cannot but tell you the truth.
(我不得不给你说实话。)
情态动词的完成式:
情态动词的一般式用于表达"现在"或"将来"的情况,而情态动词的完成式则用来表达"已经发生的事情"。
例如:"你不应该来得那么晚。"这是对已经发生的事情(你来晚了)表示自己的看法:
You shouldnt have come so late.
将常用、常考的几个情态动词完成式列表说明如下:
must (not) have done 表示对已发生的事情的"判断",中文常表达为:"准是…"
It must have rained last night; the ground is wet.(昨晚准是下雨了,地上湿漉漉的。)
should (not) have done / ought (not) to have done 表示"事与愿违",中文常表达为:"(不)该…","本(不)该…"
The baby was cut badly; she shouldnt (oughtnt to)have let him play with the scissors.
(孩子伤得很厉害;她不该让他玩剪刀。)
may / can (not) have done 表示"本(不)可能" She may have known the news; she is crying.
(她可能已经知道那个消息了;她在哭。)
need (not) have done 表示"本(不)需要" You neednt have bought that dictionary; I have got a spare one.
(你实际上没有必要买那本字典;我有一本多余的。)
由于在没有情景的情况下很难区分情态动词一般式和完成式,例如"你不该去",究竟是You shouldnt go there. 还是 You shouldnt have gone there, 因此考试的时候往往会给出情景,这对判题非常重要,如上面表格例子中的"the ground is wet","the baby was cut badly","she is crying", 都是题目所给的情景。