职称英语考试语法:名词性从句及例题解析
(一)什么叫名词性从句?
在英语句子中,主语、宾语和表语是名词,在这三个位置上出现的句子就称为名词性从,即:主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句的总称。由于他们的连接原则和连接词的使用基本一致,故放在一起讲解。
(二)如何连接?
名词性从句的连接可以简单地归纳为三句话:
1) 从句不缺成分用that
2) 从句缺少主语、宾语和表语,物用what, 人用who / whom / whoever / whomever
3) 其他情况,中文缺什么意思就补所需的带-wh的词(whether, where, when, how, why, who, whom, whose),
第一句话:从句不缺成分用that,例如:
My hope is that she will soon be well again. (表语从句:我的希望是他能很快康复。)
Everybody hopes that she will soon be well again.(宾语从句:大家都希望他能很快康复。)
That she will soon be well again is our hope. (主语从句:他能很快康复是我们的希望。)
从上面三个句子可以看出:
1) 名词性从句中的that 只是起连接作用,不充当任何成分,一定要与定语从句中的关系代词that相区别;
2) 除了主语从句居首的情况(如例3),是可以省略的,特别是宾语从句中。例3也可以写成:It is our hope that she will soon be well again.
此项内容不是考试重点。
第二句话:从句缺少主语、宾语和表语, 物用what,人用who / whom / whoever / whomever
这是名词性从句考试的重点, 特别是what, 这里的关键是否能辨认出句子的成分,
例如:
______ he needs is more time. (他需要的是更多的时间。)
显然,主语从句中:he是主语,而谓语动词needs缺宾语,因此填what
Tell us _____ you saw and heard during your visit to that university.
同样,宾语从句中谓语动词saw和heard缺宾语,应填 what
This is not ______ I want. 同样,表语从句中动词缺宾语,应填what
______ some people are against is ______ other people are for.