职称英语考试语法:限制性定语从句及例题解析
关键是看先行名词(被修饰或说明的那个名词)在从句中充当什么成分(主语、宾语、表语?状语?定语?)这是能否辨别定语从句和能否正确选择连接词的关键所在。
(在从句中)当主语、宾语、表语时:
↗ 人 → who (宾格用whom)
限制性定语从句:that
↘ 物 → that ( = which)
注意:虽然在限制性定语从句中,关系代词that = which, 但是,当:
(1) 先行词是all, both, none, nothing, anything, everything, much, such等不定代词时;
(2) 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时;
(3) 先行词被序数词(如第一,第二等)修饰时;
(4) 先行词被the very, the only, any, no等词修饰时
只能用that,不能用which连接。
也就是说,在限制性定语从句中,连接物的关系代词用"that" 总是对的。
这是考试判题的重要思路。不一定要刻意去死背硬记上面四条具体的规则。
↗人 → who (宾格用whom)
非限制性定语从句:
↘物 → which (不要用that)
注意:非限制性定语从句(连接词前面一般有","号)中,不会出现"that"
记住上述要点了吗?做几道题,巩固一下上面所讲的内容:
尽量不要查字典!
1)The book ______ is now out of stock
A. which he bought it last week
B. which he bought last week
C. which he had bought last week
D. which it was bought last week
解题思路:如果你选择了A或D,说明你对"句子成分"的概念,或对关系代词在句子中可以做什么成分还不清楚,应该好好复习"什么叫定语从句?"一节;如果选C,说明你对时态概念仍不清楚,再复习"过去完成时"一节;正确答案为B,"which"在从句中做动词bought的宾语。这里能不能将"which"改成"that"呢?当然可以,而且现在更多的是用"that"。实际使用中,该句子中的"which"或"that"可以省掉,即:The book he bought last week is now out of stock. (他上周买的那本书现在脱销。) ,即:当关系代词在从句中当宾语时,可以省掉。
2) He is the man ______ is capable of finishing this task.
A. he
B. whom
C. who
D. which
解题思路:正确答案为C,关系代词在从句中当主语,故选择主格who而不是whom;任何A、D选择说明学生缺乏最基本的语法概念,应补最基础的语法课。
3)The only thing _____ can be done is to stop them from going there.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. who
解题思路:记住:定语从句中永远不可能出现what做连接词, 记住这句话对理解"名词性从句"会大有帮助; 既然先行词为thing(事情), 就不能用who连接;同时出现"which"和"that",又没有","号,当然选B(the only thing只能用 that连接,不能用 which连接)。下面一题的思路是一样的: