卫生类语法辅导:名词性从句地点状语从句
地点状语从句通常由where,wherever引导,如:
Where there is a will,there is a way. She painted wherever she happened to be.从属连词还能与any,no,every等一起构成复合句,引导地点状语从句。如:
Everywhere you go,you will be warmly welcomed.
3. 方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,as if,as though等,从句通常位于主句之后,如:
He had never blushed as she blushed then.(as作“按照”或“像”解。)
as if和as though都做“好象”解,两者可以互换,从句既可用陈述语气(表示可能符合事实的情况),又可用虚拟语气(表示与事实不符的情况),如:
I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. His mother loves me as if / as though I were her daughter.
4. 条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的连词有:if,unless,as / so long as,suppose (that),supposing (that),in case,when等。条件状语从句可以分为真实条件状语从句和非真实条件状语从句。
(1)真实条件句真实条件句表示现实或可能的情况,由if引导,它的主句可以是陈述句,疑问句或祈使句,可置于主句之前或之后。
If you heat ice,it melts. If it rained,I went by bus. unless引导的否定条件状语从句,在意义上相当于if…not,如:
Don‘t come unless I telephone. as / so long as,provided / providing (that)意为“只要、如果”,如:
You can borrow this pen as long as you can keep it well. in case在英国英语中表示目的,在美国英语中可表示条件,意为“如果、万一”,如:
In case the house burns down,we‘ll get the insurance money.
(2)非真实条件句请参阅第十一章“虚拟语气”。
5.让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有:although,though,even if,even though,if,for all that,when,while,whether…or,whatever,no matter what等。
although和though意义一样,都作“虽然、即使”解,都表示让步,一般情况下可互换使用,只是although语气较重,大多置于句首。如:
They are generous though they are poor. Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China. even if
和even though都作“即使”解,两者可以互换使用,如:
She insisted on her own opinion even though / even if he was wrong. if作“即使、虽然”解,也表示让步,如:
If he is wrong,he is honest. whether…or作“不论……是否”或“不论……还是”解,如:
You don‘t have to worry me whether I am well or ill.为了强调让步意义,在正式文体或文学作品中,常用as引导让步从句,从句的补语或状语置于句首。如:
Tall as he was,he couldn‘t reach the top of the shelf. Strong as you may be,you cannot lift it.词尾为-ever的wh-词可以与“no matter wh-词”互换使用,作“无论……”解,后者常用于口语中,如: