卫生类语法辅导:动词的ed形式作表语
动词的-ed形式是动词的另一种非限定性形式,一般由动词加-ed构成。-ed形式与-ing形式在句法功能上基本相同,从意义上看,两者却有差别:现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系,过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系;现在分词表示一般性或正在进行的动作,而过去分词则表示已经完成的动作。
过去分词作表语。如:
We were very interested in the novel she gave us yesterday.
我们对她昨天给我们的小说非常感兴趣。
She was quite frightened by the sudden noise outside the door.
她被门外突然的吵闹声吓住了。
可以用作表语的常见过去分词有:delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited,frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied等。
二、作宾语补语
英语中可以带-ed分词作宾语补语的动词有:
1.表示感觉和心理状况的动词:think, hear, feel, see, watch等。如:
I have never heard this song sung in English.
我从来没有听到这首歌用英语唱过。
2.表示使役的动词:get, let, make, help等。如:
He made it known to everyone that he was right.
他使每个人都明白他是对的。
3.表示希望、要求等意义的动词:wish, want, like, order等。如:
He wants his composition to be read by every classmate.
他想每个同学都读他的作文
三、作定语
1.-ed分词可以作前置定语,此时,分词与名词之间有两种语义关系:一种是分词表示主动意义;一种是分词表示被动意义。如:
He is a retired worker.
他是一个退休工人。
This is a newly-developed device.
这是一个新开发的工具。
2.-ed分词作后置定语时,其功能相当于一个定语从句。如:
She likes to drink cold boiled water.
他喜欢喝凉白开。
They were inspecting the houses damaged by the storm.
他们正在视察被暴风雨毁坏的房屋。