四、构词法记忆法
通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法:
1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:
picture(n)画——picture(v)描绘
water(n)水——water(v)浇水
例题1:He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. behavior
B. style
C. mode
D. attitude
答案:A
解释:
cnduct(v.)引导,管理,为人,传导
cnduct (n.)操守,行为
cnductor(n.)列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等
例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. suffer
B. accept
C. receive
D. endure
答案:D
解释:
bear(n.)熊
bear(v.)负担,忍受,带给,具有,挤
2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如:
happy → unhappy(加前缀)happiness(加后缀)
例题1:The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. promote
B. paint
C. polish
D. produce
答案:D
例题2:Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. mental
B. physical
C. natural
D. hard
答案:B
man-、manu- = hand
manage(管理)、manual(体力的,手册)、manuscript(手写稿)、manufacture(生产)、manumit(释放);
例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. every year
B. severely
C. actively
D. every month
答案:A
ann= year
anniversaire(French)、anniversary、annals(编年史)、annuity(年金)
3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如:
wood(木)cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
pea(豌豆)nuts(坚果)→ peanut(花生)
例题1:In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. judgement
B. result
C. decision
D. event
答案:B