职称英语考试语法:倒装和省略及强调和语序
1.倒装:
英语的一般语序为:主语 谓语动词 宾语(或表语) (状语等附加成分)。
有时为了语法上或修辞上的需要而改变这种语序,如将谓语动词放到主语的前面,就称为倒装。因语法需要的倒装称为"语法倒装",例如英语中的疑问句多采用倒装形式,如Are you a doctor or an engineer? 因修辞需要,如为了强调、句子结构均衡或承上启下等目的倒装,称为"修辞性倒装"。
例如:On the top of the hill stands a pretty little house.
山顶上有一座漂亮的小屋
就应试而言,以下倒装现象应给予特别注意(按考试中出现的频率高低顺序排列):
1) not, not until, never, no, no sooner, seldom, hardly, scarcely, little, few 等 否定词开头的句子。
比较:
例1
正常语序:I shall never forget the first days at college.
倒装语序:Never shall I forget the first days at college.
(我永远不会忘记初上大学的那些日子)
例2
正常语序:I did not have any idea what market economy is until recently.
倒装语序:Not until recently did I have any idea what market economy is.
(直到最近我才知道什么叫市场经济。)
以上两个句子采用倒装语序的主要目的是为了强调。
在这一节中,要特别注意以下三个倒装句型:
not until… ,见以上例2
no sooner …than…, 例如:
No sooner had she finished reading the poem than the students began to ask her questions.
(她刚念完这首诗,学生们就开始向她提问题了。)
hardly …when …,与 no sooner … than…句型的意思和用法相同,就是不要把搭配搞错了,既:
Hardly had she finished reading the poem when the students began to ask her questions.