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职称英语考试基本句型:宾语及例题解析

2012-10-26  来自于:课评集

  宾语及例题解析

  我们知道,名词可以做主语和宾语,非谓语动词 -ing和 to do也可以做主语和宾语,

  作主语:

  Learning a foreign language is not easy.(学门外语并不容易。)

  To learn a foreign language is not easy. (= It is not easy to learn a foreign language.)

  从语法角度讲,上述两个表达方式都可以。

  但是,当动词处于宾语位置时,就不能这样"随心所欲"了,因为英语语法有以下几个规定:

  1)acknowledge / admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer / deny / dislike / enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor / feel like / finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include / keep (on) / do not mind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk / suggest 等词后面的动词宾语必须用-ing 形式,重点和首先要掌握黑体字部分。由于这些次的词义与解题关系不大,没有给出具体词义解释。若需要,请学生自己查字典解决。

  这是语法考试的一个重点,要对以上词特别敏感,例如:

  It is impossible to avoid ______ by the stormy weather.

  A. being much affected

  B. having much affected

  C. to be much affected

  D. to have been much affected

  解题思路:1)一看到avoid一词,便可确定正确答案在A、B中; 2)affect意为"影响",及物动词,故B不对。[如果做题时间来不及,此类题目若有"主动语态"和"被动语态"之分,一般选"被动语态"的正确率高些。]

  2) remember / forget:后面既可跟 -ing, 也可跟 to do,但意思不一样:to do表示说话时还没有发生的事,-ing表示对已经发生过事的回忆,如:"我昨天出门时忘了关窗了。"显然是指出门时还没

  有做的事,因此用to do形式;"我不记得以前见过你。"显然是指说话以前的事,因此用 -ing形式,即:

  I forgot to close the windows when I left home yesterday.

  I dont remember seeing you before.

  因此,除了知道这个规定外,分清"发生过"还是"没有发生"是解题的关键。

  实例:

  Do you remember ______ to Professor Smith during your last visit?

  A. to have been introduced

  B. having introduced

  C. being introduced

  D. to be introduced

  解题思路:1)第一步要确定"发生过"还是"没有发生",即A、D还是B、C,"你记得上次访问时被介绍给Smith教授的情况吗?"显然是已发生的事,选B、C;2)"introduce"(介绍)后没有宾语,说明是"被动语态:,故选C [再看一下上一节中的 "解题思路"]

  3)need / want / require等解释为"需要"时,有两种表达方式,如:

  "这间会客室需要打扫一下"

  A.This waiting room needs to be cleaned. (to 被动式)

  B.This waiting room needs cleaning.(-ing主动式)

  考试时若同时出现两种选择,选B

  4)look forward to / object to / subject to / be subjected to / be opposed to / oppose to中的 "to" 是介词,后面应跟名词或动名词-ing.

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