综合类：阅读判断Tanning parlors take heat
People who seek a glamorous tan through sun lamps may double their risk of developing common types of skin cancer， according to a new study that found the risk was highest for those who start at a young age．
The study， appearing in the latest issue of Journal of the U．S．National Cancer Institute，concluded that people who use tanning devices were 1.5 to 2.5 times more 1ikely to have common kinds of skin cancer than were people who did not use the devices
The study confirmed what doctors have long suspected—that sun lamp use increases the risk of basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers，said Margaret R．Karagas，first author of the study． Either going to the tanning parlor，or getting an infrequent sunburn can seriously damage the skin，said Dr．James Spencer，vice chairman of the department of dermatology at Mount Hospital，but the small．day．to．day exposure is worse for the skin in the long run．Joseph A．Levy，vice president of the International Smart Tan Network，however，said occasional sunburn “is a risk factor in all forms of skin cancer and intermittent sunburn is what the tanning industry is trying to stop．
In the study， Karagas and her colleagues interviewed 603 basal cell skin cancer patients and 293 with squamous cell skin cancer．They talked to 540 control subjects， who did not have either type of skin cancer. About l million Americans are diagnosed annually with skin cancer．Among those skin cancer patients，about 80 percent are with basal cell skin cancer，16 percent，with squamous cell skin cancer and 4 percent， with melanoma．the most serious form of skin cancers．Back to the interviewed patients，190 reported that they had used tanning devices at some time．In the control groups，only 75 had used such devices．Karagas said a statistical analysis shows that those who used tanning equipment were 2.5 times more likely to get squamous cell skin cancer than those who had not used the devices．For basal cell cancer．the risk was 1.5 times greater．
The risk was highest for those who first used the tanning devices before the age of 20，said Karagas．For this group，the squamous cell cancer risk was 3.6 times greater than that of the controls while the basal cell cancer risk was 1.3 times greater．
一项新的研究结果表明，欲通过人工日照获得诱人的黑色皮肤的人们使自己患皮肤癌的风险倍增。研究还发现，那些从年轻时就进行人工日照的人的风险系数是最高的。
这项发表在最新一期的美国国家癌症研究会杂志的研究结果认为，使用了人工日照措施的人们比那些未使用的人们患皮肤癌的可能性要高出1.5至2.5倍。
该项研究成果的第一作者Margaret．R．Karagas说，该项研究证实了医生长期的怀疑，使用人工日照增加了患基细胞和冠状细胞皮肤癌的风险。
Mount医院皮肤病学部副主任James Spencer 博士说，无论是去人工日照美容院还是偶尔的皮肤晒伤都会对皮肤造成严重的伤害，但从长远来说，每天的少量接触对皮肤更为有害。
然而，国际人工日照网的副总裁Joseph A．Levy却说，偶尔的晒伤是导致各种皮肤癌的危险因素，是人工日照行业所尽力制止的。
在研究过程中，Karagas和同事们采访了603名基细胞皮肤癌患者和293名冠状细胞皮肤癌患者。他们还与未患皮肤癌的540名对照组实验对象进行了交谈。
每年大约有1百万美国人被诊断为患有皮肤癌。在这些皮肤癌患者当中，约80%为基细胞皮肤癌患者，16%为冠状细胞皮肤癌患者，4%为黑素瘤皮肤癌患者，这是最严重的一种皮肤癌。我们再看被采访的患者当中，其中190人说他们曾经用过人工日照措施，而在对照组实验对象中，只有75人曾经进行过人工日照。Karagas说，统计分析说明，使用过人工日照设施的人比未曾使用过的人患冠状细胞皮肤癌的几率要高2.5倍，患基细胞皮肤癌的风险要高1.5倍。
Karagas说，20岁之前就使用人工日照设施的人的患病风险是最高的。这组人群当中患冠状细胞皮肤癌的风险比对照组高出3.6倍，而患基细胞皮肤癌的风险则要高出1.3倍。
★1).The passage confirms that using tanning equipment is harmful to one’s health.-R
★2).The highest rate of skin cancers is found in teenagers who use sun lamps frequently.-W
★3).Melanoma is a more serious cancer than lung cancer.-N
★4).Karagas’s reported her research results basing on interviews with a group of skin cancer patients and a control group of people with no skin cancers.-R
★5).Doctor James Spencer’s argument implies that in the long run， getting an infrequent sunburn is worse than the small， day-to-day exposure.-W
★6).The passage mentions three forms of skin cancers， of which squamous cell skin cancer is the most dangerous.-W
★7).It is implied in Mr. Levy’s argument (paragraph 5) that frequent exposure to sun lamps is safe.-R
