C By keeping a close eye on (密切关注)ones kidneys.
D By measuring(测量) the volume(量) of urine output(输出).
1.B.利用问题句中的细节信息结构及备选项中的细节信息结构(放在方框里的结构)共同作为答案线索，在文章中查找答案相关句：
Hearts and kidneys; If one’s diseased， better keep a close eye on the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising， doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction，too
(第2段)The work， from two studies(研究) involving(包括) over 50，000 patients(病人)， promises(承诺，有希望) to boost(推进， 加强) efforts(努力) to diagnose(诊断) simmering kidney disease earlier. All it (考点词)takes(采用) are urine and blood tests that cost (花费)less than (少于) $ 25， something (提议者)want to become as routine(常规的) as cholesterol checks. “The average patients knows their cholesterol，” says Dr. Peter McCullough， preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of their kidney function.”
Chronic kidney disease， or CKD， is a quiet epidemic， many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast， with 400，000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive， a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.
1.B. 第2段第1句和第2句说， 加速慢性肾病的诊断所使用的方法就是尿检和学检，所以选项B为正确答案。
2. How many (多少)Americans(美国人) suffer(患) chronic(慢性的) kidney disease according to (根据)an estimation(估计)?
A 19，000，000 B 400，000 C 50，000 D 37， 000
2.A. 利用问题句中的细节信息结构(chronic kidney disease)及备选项中的数字共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第一题答案相关句)The work， from two studies involving over 50，000 patients， promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25， something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. “The average patients knows their cholesterol，” says Dr. Peter McCullough， preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of their kidney function.”
Chronic kidney disease， or CKD， is a quiet(安静的) epidemic(流行病)， many of the 19 million Americans estimated(估计) to have(患) it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast， with 400，000 people requiring dialysis or transplant to survive， a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.
第3段段首句说：在估计患有慢性病肾病的1，900万美国人中很多人不知道自己患有该病， 因此选项A是正确答案。
3. How many Americans suffered(患) end-stage(中晚期) kidney failure(衰竭) and required dialysis(透析) or a transplant(移植) to survive(生存) twenty years ago(以前) according to an estimation(估计， 预算)?
A 400，000. B 300，000. C 200，000. D 100，000.
3.D. 利用问题句中的细节信息结构(end-stage kidney failure， twenty years ago)及备选项中的数字共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第2题答案相关句)Chronic kidney disease， or CKD， is a quiet epidemic， many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising(出现，上升) fast， with 400，000 people requiring(要求) dialysis (透析)or transplant(移植) to survive， a toll(数字) that has doubled(翻倍， 使加倍) in each of (每个的)the last(过去的) two decades(10年).
第3段最后一句说“中晚期肾衰竭迅速发展，有40万人需要肾透析或肾移植才能生存下来， 这个数字是在近20年中每年翻一番而形成的”，由此可计算出20年以前患肾衰竭的病人人数为40万/4 = 10万。
4. What did the Archives of Internal Medicine (内科医学档案)call for (要求)doctors caring for (照顾)heart patients to do?