(二)第二句型:主语 不及物动词 ( 其他成分)
在这个句型中主要注意及物动词与不及物动词的区分:
不及物动词 及物动词
rise /rose / risen(升起) raise /raised / raised (提高)
arise / arose / arisen (from)(产生) arouse / aroused / aroused(唤起)
lie / lay / lain(躺下) lay / laid / laid(放下)
arrive at(到达) reach(到达)
wait for(等待) await(等待)
remain(仍旧) maintain(保持,维修)
*上面所注仅为典型词义,要根据句子判别其他意思。
此外,该句型常采用倒装形式,注意辨别,主要是以下两种情况:
1) 用here 或 there引导:Here comes the bus. (汽车来了。) / There rings the bell.
(铃响了。)
2) 在动词 介词短语的结构中,往往将介词短语提前:On the top of the hill stands a pretty little
house.(山顶上有一座漂亮的小房子。)
(三)第三句型:主语 及物动词 宾语
我们知道,名词可以做主语和宾语,非谓语动词 -ing和 to do也可以做主语和宾语,作主语:
Learning a foreign language is not easy.(学门外语并不容易。)
To learn a foreign language is not easy. (= It is not easy to learn a
foreign language.)
从语法角度讲,上述两个表达方式都可以。
但是,当动词处于宾语位置时,就不能这样"随心所欲"了,因为英语语法有以下几个规定:
1)acknowledge / admit / appreciate / avoid / consider / contemplate / defer
/ deny / dislike / enjoy / escape / evade / excuse / facilitate / fancy / favor
/ feel like / finish / give up / cannot help / cannot stand / imagine / include
/ keep (on) / do not mind / miss / permit / practice / regret / resent / risk /
suggest 等词后面的动词宾语必须用-ing
形式,重点和首先要掌握黑体字部分。由于这些次的词义与解题关系不大,没有给出具体词义解释。若需要,请学生自己查字典解决。
这是语法考试的一个重点,要对以上词特别敏感,例如:
It is impossible to avoid ______ by the stormy weather.
A. being much affected
B. having much affected
C. to be much affected
D. to have been much affected