Do you know the man sitting and reading a book there? (你认识坐在那里看书的那个人吗?现在/ 主动)
Who is the patient being operated on? (正在接受手术的那个病人是谁啊?现在 / 被动)
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.
(当选为委员的人将出席这次会议。过去 / 被动)
有了上述基本概念,就可以进一步讨论下面的问题了:
三. 非谓语动词的句法功能:
一个典型的句子共有以下五个基本成分:
主语 谓语 宾语 定语 状语
这里要讨论的是当英语中的一个动词处在主语、宾语、定语和状语位置时怎么处理,即非谓语成分时怎么处理。
1.主语:
首先,"to do" 和 "-ing"形式具有名词性,"-ed "不具备名词性。也就是说,"to do" 和 "-ing"可以做主语,例如:
To learn a foreign language is not an easy thing. (= It is not an easy
thing to learn English.)
Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing.
问题是这两种表达方式有没有区别。语法上没有对或错的区别,因此不是语法考试的重点
一般讲,"to do"较具体的行为或状态,"-ing"表示较笼统的概念,如"学习外语对我来说并非易事"一般用"to do"来表达:To learn a
foreign language. is not an easy thing for me. (或:It is not an easy thing for me
to learn a foreign language.)
从应试角度讲,只要记住下面两个特殊句型就可以了:
It is no use (或good) ing结构,例如:
It is no use quarreling with her. (和她争吵没有用。考试时不要选to quarrel with her)
There is no ing 结构,例如:
There is no denying that women are playing more and more important roles in
the world today.(不可否认,在当今世界上,妇女正发挥越来越重要的作用。)
There is no joking about this matter. (这事开不得玩笑。)