第二篇 Schooling and Education
It is commonly believed in the United States that school is where people go to get an education. Nevertheless， it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school. The distinction between schooling and education implied by this remark is important.
Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling. Education knows no limits. It can take place anywhere， whether in the shower or in the job， whether in a kitchen or in a theatre. It includes both the formal learning that takes place in schools and the whole universe of informal learning. The agents of education can range from a respected grandparent to the people debating politics on the radio， from a child to a distinguished scientist. Whereas schooling has a certain predictability， education quite often produces surprises. A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover how little is known of other religions. People are engaged in education from infancy （婴儿期） on. Education， then， is a very broad， inclusive term. It is a lifelong （一生的） process， a process that starts long before the start of school， and one that should be an integral （基本的） part of one's entire life.
Schooling， on the other hand， is a specific， formalized process， whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next. Throughout a country， children arrive at school at approximately the same time， take assigned （指定的） seats， are taught by an adult， use similar textbooks， do homework， take exams， and so on. The slices of reality that are to be learned， whether they are words or an understanding of the working of government， have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught. For example， high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with. There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling.
36 Which of the following is true according to the author?
A School is the place where people get informal education.
B Education means schooling.
C Education can be both formal and informal.
D Going to school is the only way to receive education.
37 Education is different from schooling in that
A the former is predictable while the latter is not.
B the former is specific while the latter is not.
C the former is a formalized process while the latter is not.
D the former is more open-ended and all-inclusive than the latter.
38 When does education begin?
A Before one enters school.
B After one enters school.
C After one graduates from college.
D After one retires from work.
39 The fact that children arrive at school at about the same time shows that
A schooling imposes a lot of strain on the students.
B schooling has a clear boundary.
C schooling follows more or less the same pattern.
D schooling includes different aspects of learning.
40 What is the author's attitude toward schooling?
A Positive.
B Negative.
C Neutral （中立的）。
D Supportive.