反身代词
语法规则:动作的发出者(主语)与动作的承受者(宾语)一致时,则必须用反身代词,不一致则不可用反身代词。
e.g.when her violation of school rules(主语)forced her t0 quit school,she went to Beijing and opened a factory there.(错误)
反复代词
1.that指代不可数名词或抽象可数名词单数,经常出现在"that of..”结构中;
one指代泛指可数名词单数,即代具体可数名词单数,复数为ones;
2.与比较结构一同出现,例如:
These designs ale inferior t0 those proposed by the German company.这些设计图不如那家德国公司提供的设计图。转自 inferior t0superior tosenior t0junior t0 prior t0
posterior t0 prefer A to Bbe preferable differ frombe compared with
in comparison withbe different fromrather than
介词
1.时间介词
常见的时间介词有in,at,on,for,within等,它们分别与表示时间的词语构成句子中的时间状语,如:
in:
in(the)spring在春天。in two months在两个月内;过两个月后。in those days在当时。in a few days几天以后,几天之内
at:
at five oclock在5点。at noon在中。at Christmas在圣诞节。at(the age 0f)forty年四十
On:
on Sunday在星期日。on the morning of May 5th在五月五日的早晨。on arriving home一到家(就)。
for:
for hours[days,years]有(好)几小时[(好)几天,(好)几年]转自
within a week在一个星期内。
2.动态介词与静态介词
介词短语结构与be动词搭配使用,构成“系表”结构,这个结构属于“静态结构”,通常用于描述事物的状态,特征,如:
The book is on the desk.那本书在桌上。(进行状态的描述)
一些介词本身也可以区分为动态介词和静态介词,如:in,0n,at等属于典型的静态介词,而into
和onto就属于典型的动态介词,举例如下:
in:live in London住在伦敦(“在”静态词)
on:with his hat 0n his head头上戴着帽子(“着”静态词)
at:at the foot 0fthe hill在山脚(“在”静态词)
比较:
onto:get onto a horse骑到马上(“到…上”动态词)
into:go into a room走进屋里。(“进”动态词)
3.介词所带的宾语从句:
介词后面需要带名词性的结构作宾语,如果宾语是一个从句结构,则该介词带的是宾语从句,比较:
He is talking ofgoing abroda(宾语).他在说出国的事情
He is talking of what he wants t0 do(宾语从句).他在说他想要做什么。