不定式
1.单个不定式结构作主语,谓语用单数的形式,但是并列的不定式结构作主语时,谓语应该用复数,如:
T0 go to school(主语)is his dream.上学是他的梦想。
To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主语)ale were what he expected-他期望能去上学,远离他残忍的父亲。
2.跟在名词后面作定语,如:
the ability to operate the machine操作机器的能力the first(second...1ast)people t0 speak第一个(第2个,…最后一个)发育的人
3.跟在be动词的后面作表语,如:
What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeing(表语)around Be.jing.我想做的是在北京观光旅行。
4.跟在及物动词的后面作其宾语,如:
I enjoy talking t0 you.(宾语)能和你谈话我真高兴。
They dont permit smoking(宾语)in the public places.他们不允许在公众场合吸烟。
5.对宾语的性质,特征等进行补充说明,作宾语补足语,如:
We have persuaded him to accept our proposal.一(宾语补足语)我们已经说服他接受了我们的建议。
在使役动词和感官动词的后面常带不to的不定式结构作宾语补足语:
have(let/make/feel/hear/watch/see/observe)sb.do sthhelp sb.do sth.
6.作状语。不定式结构在句子中通常充当结果状语和目的状语。如:
He spent much time 0n his studies to be a top student.一(目的状语)为了成为班上的优等生,他在学习上花了很多的时间He came there to find his friends had left.(结果状语)他到了那里结果发现他的朋友已经走了。
7.作为主语补足语,补充说明主语的性质,特征等,如:
He is supposed to come here(主语补足语)tomorrow.他应该明天到这里。
He is said t0 have great talent for art.(主语补足语)据说他在艺术方面很有才华。
8.常接不定式作宾语的动词:
agree,afford,aim,arrange,appear,ask,attempt,choose,claim,decide,desire,determine.expect,fail,guarantee,hope,endeavor,intend,long,mean,manage,offer,,plan,pledge,pretend,promise,proceed,prove,resolve,refuse,request,swear,tend,try,wait,wish