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2013年职称英语综合类考试语法:定语从句

2012-12-1  来自于:课评集

  综合类考试语法:定语从句

  1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语

  2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后

  Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.

  3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词

  (1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词,人称代词也同样可作先行词。

  (2)先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点:

  ①先行词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。

  This is the place which is worth visiting.

  ②关系词在从句句子中充当了成分,其意思就是先行词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。

  There are many places we can visit(them)in China.

  4、关系词:引导定语从句的都称关系词

  关系代词:who, whom, which, that, whose, as.

  关系副词:when, where, why.that偶尔也作关系副词。

  5、确定关系词的步骤

  (1)先找关系词,看先行词指的是什么。

  (2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。

  6、在定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which

  (1)先行词被①形容词最高级 ②序数词 ③数词几种词修饰或被 ④only、any、few、little、 no、all、one of等修饰时。

  (2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代词时。

  (3)先行词中既有人又有物时。

  He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.

  (4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。

  The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.

  (5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。

  Which are the books that you bought for me

  7、宜用which而不用that的情况

  (1)在非限制性定语从句中

  (2)在关系词前有介词时

  (3)当先行词本身是that时

  (4)当关系词离先行词较远时

  8、关系词who与that指人时,也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词

  (1)当主句是there be句型时,关系词用who.

  (2)先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时,关系词用who.

  (3)当主句是who作疑问词时,关系词用that.

  Who is that girl that is standing by the window?

  (4)whom在从句中只作宾语,可被who取代。

  9、whose作关系词既指人又指物,在从句中作定语。如:

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