重点语法复习
(1)表示不知道的原因时用because,即说话人认为听话人不知道,因此because从句是全句最重要的部分,通常它被置于主句之后。
You want to know why I´m leaving? I´m leaving because I´m full.
for虽然表示不知道的原因,但其语气较because要弱得多,是可说可不说的话,它只能置于主句之后,这时,for是并列连词。如果不是因果关系,而是对前面主句的内容加以解释或推断时,只能用for.如:It´s morning now, for the birds are singing.(很显然,鸟叫不可能是"现在已是早上"的原因。)
(2)表示已经知道的原因时用as或since,即某种原因在说话人看来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉,因此它是句中不很重要的部分。since要比as正式一些,它们通常被置于语句之前,但有时却相反。
Seeing all of the children already seated, he said,"Since everyone is here, let´s start."
(3)下列情况下只能使用because:
①在回答why的问句时;
②在用于强调句型时;
③被not所否定时。
Make a mark wherever you have any questions.
We will go where the Party directs us.
目的状语从句:that, so that, in order that
注意:目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用,否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。
结果状语从句:that, so that, so … that, such … that …
注意:so 形容词/副词 that从句;such 名词 that从句。
方式状语从句:as, as if(though)
I´ll do as I am told to.职称英语教材
It looks as if it is going to rain.
比较状语从句:than, as
条件状语从句:if, unless, so long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that.
注意if与unless的区别:不能用and连接两个unless从句,即不能有… unless …,and unless … 。
但if … not and if … not却不受此限。
You won´t lose your weight unless you eat less and unless you exercise more.(×)
但可以说 … unless you eat less and exercise more.
注意状语从句中从句的省略现象
(1)连接词 过去分词
Don´t speak until spoken to.
Pressure can be incrased when needed.
Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.
(2)连词 现在分词
Look out while crossing the street.
(3)连词 形容词/其他
常见的有it necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等。