四、构词法记忆法
通过掌握构词法来记忆单词。英语主要有三种构词法:
1)转化,即由一个词类转化为另一个词类。例如:
picture (n)画-picture (v)描绘
water (n)水-water (v)浇水
例题1: He has trouble understanding that other people judge him by his social skills and conduct. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. behavior B. style C. mode D. attitude
答案:A
解释:
Conduct (v.)引导,管理,为人,传导
Conduct (n.)操守,行为
Conductor (n.)列车员,售票员,指挥者,导体等
Semi-conductor 半导体
例题2:The ice is not thick enough to bear the weight of a tank.(2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. suffer B. accept C. receive D. endure
答案:D
解释:
bear (n.)熊
bear (v.)负担, 忍受, 带给, 具有, 挤
2)派生,即通过加前缀或后缀构成另一个词,例如:
happy→ unhappy(加前缀) happiness(加后缀)
例题1: The workers in that factory manufacture furniture. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. promote B. paint C. polish D. produce
答案:D
例题2: Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is a still needed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. mental B. physical C. natural D. hard
答案:B
man-, manu- =hand
manage(管理), manual(体力的,手册), manuscript(手写稿), manufacture(生产), manumit(释放)
例题3:About one million Americans are diagnosed,annually with skin cancer. (2004年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. every year B. severely C. actively D. every month
答案:A
Ann= year
Anniversaire (French)
Anniversary, annals(编年史), annuity(年金)
3)合成,即由两个或更多的词合成一个词。例如:
wood(木) cut(刻)→ woodcut(木刻)
pea(豌豆) nuts(坚果)→ peanut(花生)
例题1: In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. (2003年职称英语卫生类C级)
A. judgement B. result C. decision D. event
答案:B