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职称英语考试句型:宾语和宾语补足语

2012-10-31  来自于:课评集

  宾语和宾语补足语的概念

  这个句型也是考试的重点,主要有三个难点:

  1) 要不要 "to"的问题: The director wants you to come right now. (主任要你马上就来。)

  句中to come 是宾语you的补足语。也就是说,当宾语补足语是动词时,一般要用 "to"连接。但是,以下情况例外:

  n make, let, have等使役动词,如:

  Shall I have him come here?(要我叫他来吗?)

  I wont have him cheat me. (否定式,表示"容许":我决不容许他欺骗我)

  上述句型变为被动语态时,一般要加 "to",如:

  The nurse made the patient eat something. (护士让病人吃了点东西。)

  →The patient was made to eat something.

  有时,宾语补足语也可用 -ing形式,如:

  His joke made us laughing for a couple of minutes. (他的笑话使我们笑了几分钟。- 注意后面的时间状语for a couple of minutes)

  记住下面重要表达方式:

  to have / get (something) done, 如:

  I am going to have (get) my watch repaired.(我去修一下表。)

  n see, hear, notice, observe, watch, look at, listen to 等感觉动词:

  使用原则与上述大致相同。

  2) 要不要 "it"的问题: 先看两个句子:

  We sometimes find it difficult to get rid of a bad habit. (有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。)该句的原始结构可理解为:We sometimes find (to get rid of a bad habit) difficult. 括号部分(动词不定式)为宾语,difficult为宾语补足语

  The doctor has made it clear to you that there is nothing wrong with your stomach.(医生已经跟你说得很清楚了,你的胃没有什么问题。)该句的原始结构可理解为:The doctor has made (there is nothing wrong with your stomach)clear. 括号部分(句子)为宾语,clear为宾语补足语

  归纳:

  n 在主语 宾语 宾语补足语结构中,当宾语是"动词不定式"或"句子"时,要用it(不是this, that或其他任何词)作形式宾语,将动词不定式或句子移到句子的后面去。

  n 考试时,判断要不要 "it",主要看句子后面有没有"动词不定式"或"句子",若有,要选 "it"

  n 宾语、宾语补足语倒装:当宾语(名词)较长,宾语补足语较短(往往是1个形容词,如possible, impossible, difficult, easy, clear等)时,为了句子结构均衡,往往采用倒装,这里不存在"it"的使用问题, 对下句作出判断:

  The development of ultrasound has made ______ early diagnosis of some fatal diseases. (超声波的出现使许多致命疾病的早期诊断成为可能。)

  A. it possible

  B. possible

  C. it is

  D. it

  该题的正确答案应为B,因为句子采用了倒装形式,原结构为:

  The development of ultrasound has made [early diagnosis of some fatal diseases] possible.

  宾语 补足语

  3) 记住以下短语:to take…as(把…当作…)

  to think of…as(把…看作…)

  to regard…as(把…看作…)

  to refer to…as(把…叫作…)

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