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职称英语理工类语法辅导:非谓语动词

2013-1-10  来自于:课评集

  理工类语法辅导:非谓语动词

  动名词

  1.定义:动名词是由动词或动词短语转换而成的名词性结构,其构成的形式是在动词或动词短语的动词后面加上ing

  2.动能:

  动名词(或动名词短语)在句中起名词的作用,可用作主语、表语、宾语(动词或介词的宾语)和定语等。

  1.作主语

  e.g.Swimming is never as fast as running./游泳永远不会像跑那么快。

  e.g.Talking about it is no use./谈论此事并无用处。

  2.作表语

  e.g.Our duty is programming the computer./我们的任务是编计算机程序。

  3.作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)

  e.g.They began studying psychology last week./他们上周开始学习心理学了。

  e.g.Would you mind waiting for a moment?/请等一会儿好吗?

  4.作定语

  e.g.These dialogues may be used as listening materials.(=materials for listening)/这些对话可用作听力材料。

  3.考点:

  动名词在职称英语中往往不是不直接进行考察,而是把动名词结构放在英语的句子中,然后考察考生对句含动名词结构的这个句子的句意的准确了解。所以,考生在复习中主要需要弄清楚动名词在英语句子中的四种语法功能。

  4.与分词的区别:定语

  现在分词由原形动词 ing构成,如designing,leaving,stopping等现在分词作定语时,表示正在进行的动作,或经常性的动作,或表示现状。由此可见现在分词与动名词结构在“形”上相似。考生需要能区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的情况。

  Give the note to theloudly-speaking(现在分词作定语)man/请把便条交给坐在正在高声说话的人。

  Id like to buy a washing(动名词作定语)maching.(a machine for washing)/我想要一台洗衣机。

  小结:动名词作定语往往表示所修饰的名词的功能/用语,现在分词作定语强调分词结构中的动作正在进行。

  5.常接动名词作宾语的动词:

  acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,advise,avoid,admit,consider,delay,deny,dislike,enioy,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,f1orgive,imagine,include,involve,justify,keep,mind,miss,pardon,practice,postpone,permit,report,resent,resume,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate

  6.动名词的习惯用法:

  be busy/active doinz sth.

  句型:

  have difficulty/trouble/problems/struggle(in)doing sth.

  Its no good/use doing sth.

  have a good/hard/difficuh time doing sth.

  spend/waste time doing sth.

  There is no point/sense/harm/use/good(in)doing sth.

  cannot help doing sth.

  There is no use doing sth

  不定式

  1.单个不定式结构作主语,谓语用单数的形式,但是并列的不定式结构作主语时,谓语应该用复数,如:

  To go to school(主语)is his dream.上学是他的梦想。

  To go to school and to stay away from his cruel father(并列主语)ale were what he expected-他期望能去上学,远离他残忍的父亲。

  2.跟在名词后面作定语,如:

  the ability to operate the machine操作机器的能力the first(second……1ast)people to speak第一个(第2个,…最后一个)发育的人

  3.跟在be动词的后面作表语,如:

  What 1 want to do is to have a sightseeing(表语)around Be.jing.我想做的是在北京观光旅行。

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